Techno-Economic and Environmental Assessment of a Photovoltaic Thermal Collector Integrated with a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine: Combined Heat and Power Generation Application

This study assesses the techno-economic and environmental performance of a hybrid renewable energy system that integrates a photovoltaic?thermal (PVT) collector, horizontal-axis wind turbine (HAWT), thermal energy storage, and a battery bank for combined heat and power (CHP) generation in Mafraq, Jordan. Designed to supply 100?1500 kW of electricity and 120 m3 of hot water annually, the system was modeled in MATLAB/Simulink? using over 100,000 Solargis? weather data points. Different working fluids (water, ethylene glycol?water, Therminol VP-1, and nanofluids) were investigated to optimize heat transfer and system efficiency. PVT collectors achieved electrical and thermal efficiencies of 10?18% and 10?70%, respectively with overall performance peaking at 37%. The CuO-SiO2/ethylene glycol?water nanofluid provided the highest efficiency. While wind power remained stable at ?600 kW with a power coefficient of 0.216, the system demonstrated an average efficiency of 14.5% and a levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of 0.136 $/kWh. Solar radiation and ambient temperature were the manin factors to storage capacity and efficiency. Replacing fossil fuels with the proposed system could cut CO2 emissions by 18.3?20.9 Mt, equivalent to carbon credit revenues of up to 836 $ supporting the system?s technical viability, economic competitiveness, and environmental benefits.